INFO-RUSS archive, January 1997 - June 30 1997
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From daemon Mon Jan 6 13:43:29 1997
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From: "Alexandr A. Sukhanov"
Date: Fri, 13 Dec 1996 23:24:29 +0300 (MSK)
Subject: INFO-RUSS: Svjataja Rus' i afrikancy
Status: OR
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Svjataja Rus' i afrikancy
13/12/1996
Sidel ja v bare kak-to s afrikancem,
A on, predstav'te, mne i govorit -
V Rossii, deskat', xolodno kupat'sja,
I ottogo zdes' neprigljadnyj vid...
Eti dve istorii svjazany tol'ko vremenem i mestom dejstvija. Vremja
- sejchas, mesto - Moskva, gosudarstvennyj vuz pod nazvaniem...
skazhem, Rossijskij Gosudarstvennyj Centrovoj Universitet,
Gumanitarnyj fakul'tet.
Na etom samom fakul'tete rabotaet moja rodstvennica, prepodaet
tam istoriju religii i nekotorye smezhnye filologicheskie nauki.
Dlja nashego rasskaza suschestvenny koe-kakie detali.
Upomjanutaja rodstvennica, govorja po-russki, popovna. Doch'
pravoslavnogo svjaschennika (s bolee chem pjatnadcatiletnim
"stazhem"). Krome togo, ona "repatriantka" - vernulas' na
postojannoe zhitel'stvo v Rossiju posle pochti dvux desjatiletij
emigracii.
Postupaja na rabotu v gosudarstvennyj universitet, geroinja bez
kolebanij soglasilas', chto na zanjatijax ona - prepodavatel'
konkretnoj nauchnoj discipliny, pritom filologii i istorii, a ne
teologii (bogoslovskie interesy ona realizuet v drugom,
negosudarstvennom uchebnom zavedenii), i ne zhdala nikakix problem
iz-za "otdelenija cerkvi ot gosudarstva". Problemy prishli, no - s
drugoj storony.
Neskol'ko studentov, nedovol'nyx tem, chto im prixoditsja izuchat'
kakix-to evreev, assirijcev i shumerov, a takzhe trudy uchenyx
"katolicheskoj nacional'nosti", napisali donos. Obvinenie -
prepodavatel'nica NN podryvaet v nix osnovy Pravoslavnoj Very,
kotoraja est' Osnova Svjatoj Rusi ... nu i tak dalee.
Sudja po vsemu, v donose byl upomjanut takzhe dokument o vysshem
obrazovanii obvinjaemoj, imejuschijsja v lichnom dele v otdele kadrov
i vydannyj Hebrew University at Jerusalem.
Partkom-profkom-dekanat ustroil razbiratel'stvo. Na zamechanie
NN, chto ona chitala interesnuju knigu pod nazvaniem Konstitucija RF
i osobenno vnimatel'no - razdel ob otnoshenijax cerkvi i
gosudarstva, a takzhe o svetskom xaraktere obrazovanija, dekan
(chlen byvshego CK KPSS) otvetil: ''tak kak pravoslavie -
istoricheskaja osnova russkoj gosudarstvennosti i kul'tury, my
nadeemsja, chto Vy budete ukrepljat' v studentax "uvazhenie k nashej
vere"''. Na etom meste geroinja, k sozhaleniju, sorvalas' ("etot
cekist budet uchit' popovnu pravoslaviju!") i otvetila, chto ne
mozhet nikogo nauchit' uvazheniju k "vashej" vere.
Raz desjat' v techenie prorabotki NN sprashivali: "Vse zhe
ob'jasnite nam, zachem Vy vernulis'?" Ona smogla na etot raz
sderzhat'sja i proglotit' vertevshijsja na jazyke otvet "a mozhet byt'
vy ob'jasnite, pochemu vy ostavalis'?"
Istorija vtoraja nachalas' s togo, chto posol afrikanskoj strany, v
kotoroj izyskannyj brodit zhiraf, napisal cirkuljarnoe pis'mo
rektoram vsex rossijskix vuzov, trebuja otchislit' i vyslat' na
rodinu vsex studentov iz etoj strany (oni, deskat', splosh'
revoljucionery i posjagajut na ego, posla, zhizn'). Pis'mo prishlo v
upomjanutyj Centrovoj Universitet v soprovozhdenii bumagi to li iz
MVD, to li iz KGB. Bumaga raz'jasnjala, chto afrikancy - esche xuzhe
chechencev, u nix chernye ne tol'ko volosy, a i vsja kozha i, v
chastnosti, oni vse zameshany v narkobiznese. Rektor (izvestnyj
demokrat i perestrojschik) vyzval k sebe zavedujuschego kafedroj, na
kotoroj uchatsja neskol'ko studentov i aspirantov iz toj samoj
strany, i nachal na nego orat' - razveli, mol, priton i
narkomafiju. Zavkafedroj, vprochem, zaoral v otvet, trebuja
pokazat' vstupivshij v silu prigovor suda. Rektor, sbaviv ton,
zajavil, chto prekrasno ponimaet cenu vsej etoj @#$%& (erunde), no
kak goschinovnik objazan reagirovat' na oficial'nuju bumagu.
Zato, govorjat, my uzhe ne delaem rakety i ne perekryvaem
Enisej...
Alik
From daemon Mon Jan 6 19:30:09 1997
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From: info-russ@smarty.ece.jhu.edu
Subject: INFO-RUSS: All Troops Gone From Chechnya
To: info-russ@smarty.ece.jhu.edu
Date: Mon, 06 Jan 1997 17:38:13 MET
Status: O
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Reuter, Sunday January 5 3:35 PM EST
Russia Says All Troops Gone From Chechnya
MOSCOW (Reuter) - Russia announced Sunday it had withdrawn
the last of its troops from Chechnya, formally ending a two-year
military campaign that has killed tens of thousands and brought
humiliation on the Russian army.
Boris Yeltsin sent troops into Chechnya in December 1994,
fearing separatism could endanger Russian unity. The operation
was botched from the start and rebel victories soon threatened
the president's hold on power.
In the approach to July's presidential elections, Yeltsin
was forced to seek a settlement with men he had branded bandits.
He described the campaign as one of his worst mistakes. Interior
and defense ministry officials said Sunday that their last
troops had left the mountainous territory, but did not say
precisely when.
"I officially announce that as of today not one soldier of
the interior ministry or the defense ministry of the Russian
Federation remains in Chechnya," Interfax news agency quoted
Lieutenant-General Pavel Maslov, the interior ministry troops'
chief-of-staff, as saying.
The pullout paves the way for January 27 presidential
elections in Chechnya that will be dominated by candidates
committed to independence from Russia. Russia has lost much and
gained nothing from a war it had expected to win in weeks.
Confusion had surrounded the timetable for the withdrawal,
ordered by Yeltsin last November to meet the demands of
separatists who signed a peace deal with Moscow in August.
The pullout represents a final humiliation for the military,
which failed to establish control over the Caucasus region in 21
months of fighting. Tens of thousands of people died, mainly
civilians, and many others' homes were destroyed.
The capital, Grozny, was virtually reduced to ruins.
The operation revived memories of the ill-fated 1979 Afghan
intervention that grew into a war that killed tens of thousands.
Maslov said information about the withdrawal had been
deliberately clouded "in order to avoid possible
provocations."
A leading parliamentarian from the opposition communists,
who have accused Moscow of selling out to the rebels, said the
withdrawal had been badly thought out.
Viktor Ilyukhin, head of the security committee of the lower
house of parliament, was quoted by Interfax as saying it would
only serve to distance the republic further from Russia.
The separatists agreed to postpone a decision on Chechnya's
status in return for the withdrawal but have stuck firmly to
independence declarations in the run-up to the vote for a
regional leader and parliament.
A cease-fire has held in Chechnya since the August peace
deal but sporadic violence has continued and Tim Guldimann, the
Swiss diplomat trying to help broker a permanent peace deal,
said that he was concerned for the safety of foreign election
observers.
Six foreign Red Cross workers were shot dead in their beds
by unknown gunmen in a hospital compound in Chechnya last month
and Guldimann said this had exacerbated the safety problem.
"The Russian federal authorities are prepared to extend
comprehensive coooperation to the international observers and
promised to grant them visas without delay," RIA news agency
quoted Guldimann as saying.
"Nevertheless, much will depend on whether the Chechen
authorities can supply tangible guarantees of the observers'
safety," added the diplomat, who heads a mission in Chechnya of
the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE).
The separatists are keen to have foreign observers present
during voting to add legitimacy to the elections, which they see
as a first step toward international recognition of Chechnya.
Kremlin spokesman Sergei Yastrzhembsky has said Moscow --
which says Chechnya must remain part of Russia -- does not
object to their presence but that it is up to the separatists
who are now running the region to ensure their safety.
Guldimann said a final decision on the observers would be
made at a meeting of the Council of Europe in Vienna on January
16 at which he would report on the situation in Chechnya.
Four of the five main candidates for the presidency -- all
members of the separatist leadership -- met Sunday to see if
they could unite around a single candidate. Interfax said former
rebel chief-of-staff Aslan Maskhadov, top of a pack of 16
candidates, had rejected Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev's plan to unite.
From daemon Tue Jan 7 13:49:06 1997
>From INFO-RUSS-request@smarty.ece.jhu.edu Tue Jan 7 13:49:05 1997
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From: Alexander Kaplan
Subject: INFO-RUSS: the war is over; happy New Year!
To: info-russ@smarty.ece.jhu.edu
Date: Tue, 07 Jan 1997 15:56:52 MET
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Dear IR-folks,
The war by Russia against Chechnya is over. The last Russian
soldier pulled out of Chechnya yesterday (you've just received
a Reuther report about it, or will receive it shortly).
The shameful, dirty war by Russia against small but
independent and strong-willed people ended up by
full and humiliating defeat of a rotten colossus.
How many more times will stinking red-brown bear of
mafia throw herds of its brain-deficient subjects into
murderous avalanche of criminal wars?
How long will Russian people blindly follow the cynical
"patriotic", hate-monger calls of their governments
(ANY of their governments!), even when the first victims
of the events to follow are Russians themselves? How long the
hatred to anything non-Russian will be in the center of
the Russian "folk" philosophy? Another few centuries?
The brain centers of collective Russian mind responsible
for self-consciousness, self-respect, common sense, history
memory, dignity, and even self-protection, have been
profoundly damaged for a long while, probably for centuries;
Chechnya war was just the most recent manifestation of that.
At that moment two years ago, many of us here, on info-russ, were
kin to say our "no" to the war. The war started on 12 Dec.'94;
on the same day, the posting by this coordinator, "All channels
are open: war in Chechnya!" went into broadcast; another posting,
"This war is a crime. Let us do something!" with the proposal of
collective protest letter was posted by him on 4 Jan.'95; in less
than a week, on Jan. 10, 1995, the protest letter, signed by 240
info-russ subscribers and other people, was sent to USA President
Bill Clinton and other representatives of the USA Government.
Here is its full text:
**********************************************
Dear Mr. President and Mr. Vice-President:
Dear Senators and Congressmen:
We want to express our grave concerns over the war by Russia against
the break-away republic of Chechnya and the position of the United
States on what is happening. The war waged by the Russian government
and its military largely against the civilian population is a violation
of human rights on a grand scale, bordering on genocide. The losses
among the population are tremendous; hundreds of thousands of people,
including women and children, have become refugees. There is no
justification whatsoever for the Russian government to methodically
murder civilians.
To maintain that what is happening is the internal matter of the
Russian government, is to greatly encourage its criminal behavior. The
United States Government must use all its clout to stop the war --
possibly by warning the Russian government that all financial aid, all
agreements advancing Russia's interests, will be suspended or canceled
altogether if the war continues.
We are asking you to use all the means available to you to influence
the Russian government to terminate the war. We are also asking you to
promote a peaceful settlement of the conflict through appropriate
international bodies.
Sincerely yours,
(240 signatures)
**********************************************
All of you who signed that letter or sympathized with the
struggle of Chechen people and/or mothers of Russian soldiers
against military/mafia machine of Russian government, should
feel that something good is finally happening. Your voices and
thoughts have been heard by somebody (;-); in the final account,
people like you are the ones who made a difference.
My very best wishes to you in New Year; let it be good
to you and your families.
Alex Kaplan, owner/coordinator of INFO-RUSS
sasha@super.ece.jhu.edu
--------------------------------------------
P.S. Those of you who want to look into the sort of archives of
the Chechnya war and related info-russ activity, can look into
http://psi.ece.jhu.edu/~kaplan/IRUSS/topresident.html
(the text of the letter by 240 with the FULL list of the
signatures and addresses)
http://psi.ece.jhu.edu/~kaplan/IRUSS/inforuss.html
home page of info-russ.
This page includes also a section "Stop the war in Chechnya!",
and FULL info-russ archives for 1994-1996, in which you can,
BTW, find all postings by Alik Sukhanov, with day-to-day
reporting of Chechnya events. All together, he published
about 100 postings, and contributed greatly to our awareness
about the war. If you remember, the grateful subscribers
of info-russ invited him to visit the US and collected
enough funds to make this trip feasible.
I hope, he will soon develop his home page on Internet
and put the collection of his reports Chechnya reports on it.
http://psi.ece.jhu.edu/~kaplan/IRUSS/chechnya.html
"INFO-RUSS and Chechnya war" (selected archive of INFO-RUSS protest
against Russian war in Chechnya, with some postings on
the subject, including a few postings by Alik Sukhanov)
From daemon Tue Jan 7 19:00:02 1997
>From INFO-RUSS-request@smarty.ece.jhu.edu Tue Jan 7 19:00:02 1997
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Date: Mon, 6 Jan 1997 16:39:30 -0600 (CST)
From: "Ilya N. Bindeman"
Message-Id: <199701062239.QAA23466@kimbark.uchicago.edu>
To: info-russ@smarty.ece.jhu.edu
Subject: INFO-RUSS: Hunger strike
Status: OR
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This is INFO-RUSS broadcast (1200+ subscribers). Home page, information,
and archives: http://psi.ece.jhu.edu/~kaplan/IRUSS/inforuss.html
Presently, INFO-RUSS is in semi-dormant mode until Febr.'97.
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supplied by its users or/and for their views.
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Dear Sasha,
In the previous msg on brave personal action of Academician V.N.Strakhov,
who was on hunger strike in his office for almost two weeks, trying to get
some salary for the Institute he leads, here comes the second msg. Apparently, t
he money were not paid. In his second letter, Dr.Strakhov ask me
and other scientists abroad to address to the "highest Instantsii", Prime
Minister Victor Chernomyrdin. Hope this letter will provide some information
on the grave situation in Russian Science and what the international scientific
community can make in an attempt to help.
Yours sincerely,
Ilya Bindeman.
-----------------------------
From: Academician V.N.Strakhov
To: Dr. Ilya N.Bindeman,
Chicago University
RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
UNITED INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS OF THE EARTH
Dear Dr. Ilya N.Bindeman,
During my hunger-strike from September, 30 to October, 11, 1996
I have got encouragement from you; so I am deeply and sincerely obliged
to you.
However, the position of the Russian science is so that I had to
resume my hunger-strike. In the Russian Academy of sciences the salary
for November has not been paid yet; nobody knows whether we should
receive money for December. As for the future year outlook, it doesnot
seem to be rather optimistic. Most scientists have already lost courage.
In this situation, so difficult for the Russian science, may I ask you
to support my action of the second hunger-strike and to send your
corresponding opinion of the above-mentioned to the Prime Minister of
the Russian Federation Government Mr. Victor. S. Chernomyrdin.
Will you be so kind as to inform me about it?
Address: Prime Minister of
the Russian Federation Goverment
Mr. Victor.S.Chernomyrdin
Krasnopresnenskaya naberezhnaya, 2
103274 Moscow
Russia
Again, I am very much obliged to you.
I wish you a Happy New Year,
health and prosperity to you and your family !
Academician V.N.Strakhov
General Director of UIPE RAS
e-mail for an information: strakhov@dir.iephys.msk.su
From daemon Sat Jan 11 16:59:45 1997
>From INFO-RUSS-request@smarty.ece.jhu.edu Sat Jan 11 16:59:44 1997
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Date: Thu, 9 Jan 1997 12:50:22 -0800 (PST)
To: info-russ@smarty.ece.jhu.edu
From: mikeg@spock.usc.edu (Mike Gruntman)
Subject: INFO-RUSS: KGB export
Status: OR
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---------------------------------------------------------------------
The following may be of some interest to fellow Info-Russers.
Oleg Kalugin, a KGB general who joined perestroika in 1990 and
clashed with the KGB establishment, describes in his memoirs a number
of operations in which he participated and/or directed.
(O. Kalugin served in the First Chief Directorate - Pervoe Glavnoe
Upravlenie - responsible for foreign intelligence. He became the youngest
KGB general, at age of 40, after W.W.II.)
Kalugin was stationed in the early 1960s in New York and in the late sixties in
Washington, DC where he was responsible for political intelligence.
Some of the operations were in response to the criticism of the Soviet Union
for its discrimination of the Jews and treatment of refusniks.
KGB operatives, according to Kalugin, responded by "... flooding American Jewish
organizations with anonymous rabidly anti-Semitic materials as well as
by hiring people to desecrate Jewish graves and paint swastikas on synagogues.
Then the Soviet media faithfully reported on the way the anti-Semitic activity
sweeping America ..."
Although this story may not sound new or surprising to many, this
is the first time that I read about such operations in the U.S.
In the past, there were descriptions (e.g., by Colonel Oleg Gordievsky)
of the similar operations in the late 1950s and early 1960s organized
by General Ivan Agayants of the KGB Desinformation Section (D)
(later elevated to the Service A = Active Measures) in West Germany.
East German agents were sent to deface Jewish memorials.
synagogues, shops, and paint anti-Semitic slogans. The local neo-Nazis,
inspired by these actions, continued the KGB campaign .
Mike Gruntman
mikeg@spock.usc.edu
--=====================_852850060==_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
=========================================
Mike Gruntman
Department of Aerospace Engineering, MC-1191
University of Southern California
Los Angeles, Calif. 90089-1191
tel. 213 / 740-5536
fax 213 / 740-6342
mikeg@spock.usc.edu
http://ae-www.usc.edu/bio/mikeg/mikeg.html
======================================
FREEDOM IS NOT FREE
======================================
--=====================_852850060==_--
From daemon Sat Jan 11 17:23:45 1997
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Date: Wed, 8 Jan 1997 10:16:45 -0800
From: Jacob Khurgin
Subject: INFO-RUSS: Sovonic is language of Sovoks (fwd)
To: info-russ@smarty.ece.jhu.edu
Date: Sat, 11 Jan 1997 21:53:15 MET
X-Mailer: Elm [revision: 112.6]
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This is INFO-RUSS broadcast (1200+ subscribers). Home page, information,
and archives: http://psi.ece.jhu.edu/~kaplan/IRUSS/inforuss.html
Presently, INFO-RUSS is in semi-dormant mode until Febr.'97.
INFO-RUSS assumes no responsibility for the information
supplied by its users or/and for their views.
---------------------------------------------------------------------
---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Tue, 07 Jan 1997 23:00:33 -0500
From: Vlad Lyandres
Subject: INFO-RUSS: Sovonic is language of Sovoks
New language Sovonic was just identified and described in Linguistics
Department of Algebra Consulting Services. This discovery was inspired by
recognition of other language -- Ebonic, which is language of African
Americans. Ebonic is now recognized by California Department of Education.
Sovonic is language of Sovoks -- immigrants from Soviet Union. (not only
purebred).
One can tell Sovonic speakers and writers by observing following:
1. Articles a and the are never used or used randomly
2. make substituted for do
3. Past perfect time is never used
4. English words are used with Russian grammatical forms (example: driveat',
zabizyannyj, Vam cheese piece'om ili na-slice-at')
5. Choice in prepositions is different with English and Ebonic
6. Obscure English words not known to Sovonic speakers are never used.
We could not come up with examples of such words.
Just as Ebonic, it has several qualities that qualify it as separate
language:
1. There is certain ethnic population (Sovoks, purebred, halfbred and
underbred) which uses Sovonic exclusively, from one generation into
another
2. Sovonic has created stable linguistical forms
3. Sovonic is used almost exclusively in many areas of US such as
Brighton Beach in New York.
4. Sovonic, Ebonic, and English speakers have problems with
understanding
one another
5. Both Ebonic and Sovonic speakers are offended of politically
incensitive English-speaking bigots who attempt to "correct" them.
Sovonic Minority Association of United States demands equal and fair
treatment. We demand that:
Sovonic language recognized as equal to English and Ebonic
Sovonic speakers did not discriminated for use of Sovonic grammar
Because past discrimination in TOEFL and other bigoted tests, Sovonic
speakers be allowed to take TISL Test In Sovonic Language. TISL scores
should be equal along TOEFL scores.
Help Wanted
Brighton Beach Department in Education is
seeking Sovonic Speaker to head its new
Linguistic Fairness Program 718-261-2013
From daemon Sat Jan 11 20:40:43 1997
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From: Belmagnews@aol.com
Subject: INFO-RUSS: BELARUS MAGIC NEWS
To:
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BELARUS MAGIC NEWS
**************************************
Announcing BELARUS MAGIC NEWS, a free private e-mailing list (_not_ a_
LISTSERV_) maintained for those interested
in_detailed_and_extensive_information_ about Belarus. Information distributed
is intended for not-for-profit use.
This list is intended to go alongside with other Former Soviet Union and
Eastern Europe related lists and groups that provide general information
about that region. MAGIC NEWS disseminates _more_in-depth,_ and_ specific_
information, news wires, commentaries, and briefs on political, economic,
Human Rights situation, or any other issues in Belarus, which can be of
interest to its members. The list provides timely and up-to-date coverage of
events in Belarus.
This information comes mostly from western and Russian news sources. Most of
them cannot be found otherwise or available only through tedious search on
the NET or in mass media. Members of the list _share_ information with each
other as on any other list for _personal_non-commercial_ use_.
BELARUS MAGIC NEWS is a_medium_volume_list_ (1 bulletin a day) and broadcasts
may have _considerable_size_ (up to 30 kB_each_) due to its detailed nature.
No discussions take place on it, since it _only_ distributes_ information.
If you are interested to be placed on this list, please, write
_directly_to_me_ at and I will be happy to subscribe
you.
In your request, please, briefly specify your professional/business
affiliation (if any) and why you have an interest in this service. If you do
not do it, I will have to contact you individually for this and it may delay
your subscription.
Also, feel free to forward this announcement to anyone who may be
interested.
Thanks.
Patrick Colebright
BELARUS MAGIC NEWS
From daemon Mon Jan 13 10:44:37 1997
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Date: Fri, 10 Jan 1997 12:18:10 -0500 (EST)
From: Victor Farutin
To: info-russ@smarty.ece.jhu.edu
Subject: INFO-RUSS: How it is done out there; Forbes, Dec. 30, 1996 (fwd)
Status: OR
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---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Wed, 8 Jan 1997 15:16:32 CST
From: Edouard Novatorov
To: Multiple recipients of list REALINK
Subject: INFO-RUSS: Forbes, Dec. 30, 1996
Dear realinkers, happy spring semester! If you would like to know who
killed Listiev, who is the major godfather in Russia, and what the
market economy is all about...then read this article from journal
Forbes. Also you can use the botton "delete" and go to the
nearest McDonald to have peaceful lunch.
Forbes web-site is http://www.forbes.com/
The articel was published on Dec. 30, 1996
Russian version of the article has been published
in "Sovetskaya Rossia" and "Nowoe Russkoe Slovo"
-----------------------------------------------------
"This is one of the finest pieces of reporting I have seen in my
half-century in journalism." (James W. Michaels, Editor)
Forbes. Issue Date Dec. 30, 1996, p. 90. Copyright Forbes Inc. 1996 c
Boris Berezovsky, not Boris Yeltsin, may be the most
powerful man in Russia
Godfather of the Kremlin?
LAST NOVEMBER Ronald Lauder, billionaire heir to the
Estee Lauder cosmetics fortune, traveled to Moscow to
celebrate the opening of a posh boutique on Red Square.
That evening Russian and American business leaders, U.S.
Ambassador Thomas Pickering and President Boris
Yeltsin's wife attended a party in Lauder's honor.
The host of the lavish affair? A wealthy Russian car dealer
named Boris Berezovsky.
Ronald Lauder probably did not know that his host is a
powerful gangland boss and the prime suspect in Russia's
most famous murder investigation. Explains Lauder: "The
invitations went out in President Yeltsin's name."
That Berezovsky can thus play cozy with Russia's
president explains a lot of what is happening in Russia
these days. Russia is a bubbling cauldron of criminal
organizations_Sicily on a giant scale. Last year some
40,000 people were murdered in Russia and 70,000
disappeared_probably never to be heard of again. The
murder rate in Russia is three or four times higher than in
New York City.
Assassination is a tool of business competition. Scores of
business leaders and media personalities have been killed.
Ivan Kivelidi, a banker and founder of the Russian
Business Roundtable, was murdered last year by poison
(an obscure nerve toxin) applied to the rim of his coffee
cup. Neither this nor any other of Russia's most famous
contract killings has been solved.
In this violent world Boris Berezovsky looms like a giant
shadow. Berezovsky recently claimed that he and six other
top businessmen control 50% of the Russian economy. He
is certainly one of the country's first dollar billionaires. His
base is Logovaz, Russia's largest car dealership, but this is
only the most visible tip of a golden iceberg.
In a recent interview with Forbes Berezovsky said: "Russia
is undergoing a redistribution of property on a scale
unprecedented in history. No one is satisfied_neither
those who got nothing, nor those who got something, since
even they feel they did not get enough."
Berezovsky is clearly one of those who never feels he has
enough.
This summer Forbes reporters traveled 700 miles east of
Moscow, to the place where Boris Berezovsky made his
first millions: the Volga River town of Togliatti. This is
home to Avtovaz, Russia's largest automobile
manufacturer. There, eight years ago, Berezovsky founded
Logovaz, taking the giant automaker as partner and
reinforcing the relationship with cross-shareholding and
numerous joint ventures.
What's his role today in the giant auto company? When
Forbes asked Avtovaz President Alexei Nikolaev about
his ties to Boris Berezovsky, the industrial manager and his
aides exchanged worried looks. "We no longer have direct
links with Logovaz," Nikolaev mumbled.
Mumbling_or silence_is a normal response when
someone brings up the name Berezovsky.
What is undeniable is that in addition to his auto dealership
Berezovsky controls Russia's biggest national TV network.
His control was solidified shortly after the first chairman of
the network was assassinated gangland-style. Berezovsky
was immediately fingered by the police as a key suspect,
but the murder remains unsolved two years later.
Why did the police fail to follow up? Possibly because they
were afraid of where the trail would lead if they looked too
closely. In Russia today gangsters thumb their noses at the
police because they have protection from the very top.
And the gangsters, in turn, are often necessary for the men
at the top. Such is the Russian business environment today
that the men at the top often have use for the shadowy
army of killers and thugs who work further down in the
scale of corruption, running prostitutes and protection
rackets. The old KGB, a gangster outfit itself, used to call
this side of things "wet affairs." Every large business in
Russia today has its own department of wet affairs.
Me, a gangster? Berezovsky is quick to take the moral
high ground. "The Western press portrays Russia unfairly,"
he says. "Russian business is not synonymous with the Mafia."
But isn't the government powerless to bring any of the
thousands of mobsters to justice? Oh, yes, says
Berezovsky, but don't blame him. "In the government," he
says, "there are many people who are criminals themselves."
Berezovsky should know. He stands close to political
power. He organized Russia's most powerful bankers in
support of President Yeltsin's presidential campaign earlier
this year. "It is no secret that Russian businessmen played
the decisive role in President Yeltsin's victory," says
Berezovsky. "It was a battle for our blood interests."
Berezovsky and friends did whatever was necessary to
prevent the Communists from gaining a victory. The Yeltsin
campaign is facing allegations of massive financing
violations. Legally, each party's campaign was limited to $3
million. The Yeltsin campaign is estimated to have spent at
least $140 million.
As in the U.S., most people in Russia who give big money
to political campaigns hope for favors. The difference is
that in Russia the payoff is often very direct. After Yeltsin's
reelection Berezovsky was appointed deputy secretary of
the National Security Council, the body responsible for
coordinating military and law enforcement policy.
The fox now guards the chickens.
In appearance and in background, Berezovsky is no thug.
Boasting a Ph.D. in applied mathematics, the 50-year-old
Berezovsky says he spent 25 years doing research on
decision-making theory at the Russian Academy of
Sciences. He speaks nervously, articulately, waving a hand
still scarred from an assassination attempt two years ago.
He first appeared on the business scene in 1989, when he
started Logovaz for automaker Avtovaz. The original
purpose was to develop management software, but
Berezovsky moved quickly into selling cars. Within four
years he was the largest Avtovaz dealer in the country,
accounting for more than 10% of its Russian sales.
While Berezovsky waxes rich, however, Avtovaz is, by his
own statement, "in terrible shape." Why? Many parts and
even whole cars are simply stolen from the factory, only to
turn up soon after in criminally connected auto dealerships.
The stolen cars are usually in very good shape. Not so with
cars ordered directly from Avtovaz or from independent
dealers, which often arrive with windshields smashed,
wiring pulled out or tires slashed.
Asked about the problem of gangsters controlling his
dealer network, Avtovaz's president, Alexei Nikolaev,
admits: "The problem exists."
To understand the economics of the problem, examine the
pricing structure. Dealer markups are huge: Avtovaz sells
the typical Lada sedan to the dealer for about $4,800; but
the dealer sells the car to the consumer for $7,500. In
short, the dealer, not the factory, makes the profit.
Not only do the dealers make most of the money, they
even finance themselves with company money. It works
like this: To get a car in Russia, a consumer usually must
pay upfront. However, the dealer often doesn't pay the
factory until long after he has sold the vehicle.
Not only were the dealers in control of large amounts of
other people's money, they were making huge inflationary
profits. During 1992-94, inflation often reached 20% a
month; thus, by delaying payment to Avtovaz for, say, three
months, a dealer ended up paying half price for his cars.
"These guys are criminals on an
outrageous scale. It's as if Lucky Luciano were
chairman of the board of Chrysler."
In the past two years, with the ruble stabilizing, a dealer
could invest his cash in three-month Russian T bills, which,
until recently, had annualized dollar yields of 100% or more.
Currently dealers owe the carmaker some $1.2 billion,
about one-third of the company's sales.
Why does Avtovaz continue to sell to the gangster-dealers
who are bankrupting the company? Carrot and stick. The
carrot: an envelope full of cash to car executives. The stick:
a bullet in the head.
"These guys are criminals on an outrageous scale," says
one American businessman who supplies parts to Avtovaz.
"It's as if Lucky Luciano were chairman of the board of
Chrysler." This businessman had to make big payments to
a Lausanne, Switzerland-based company called Forus
Financial Services, which he says is owned by Avtovaz
managers.
And who is the biggest car dealer of them all and a key
figure in Avtovaz? Boris Berezovsky.
In 1993 Berezovsky launched another project, grandly
entitled the All-Russian Automobile Alliance (AVVA).
AVVA sold $50 million worth of bonds to Russian
investors, promising to pay them back with new cars at
some future date. The idea was to use the money to set up
a new assembly line for Avtovaz cars.
Not until 1996 did AVVA begin investing in a small
assembly operation in Finland. For nearly three years, in
other words, Berezovsky had the AVVA money to play
with as he pleased.
While AVVA investors waited in vain for their cars and
Avtovaz slid deeper toward bankruptcy, Berezovsky
acquired $300 million worth of prime real estate in
Moscow and St. Petersburg. He bought one of Russia's
most respected newspapers, Nezavisemaia Gazeta, a
popular newsmagazine and part of a new TV station called
TV 6. He has acquired at least 80% of Sibneft, one of
Russia's largest oil companies.
"Oil is good security for loans," he says. "Owning an oil
company opens the door to acquiring other businesses."
Acquire them for what? To run? Or to loot?
Russia's national airline, Aeroflot, is one of the country's
top export earners, but it has cash problems. Same story
as with autos: The travel agents get paid up front by the
customers, but pay Aeroflot either very slowly or not at all.
They get the float; Aeroflot gets questionable receivables,
which, if paid at all, get paid in depreciated currency.
Now meet Aeroflot's deputy director, Nikolai Glushkov.
This gentleman has an interesting background. He was
convicted in 1982 under Article 89 of the Russian criminal
code (theft of state property). Later Glushkov served as
head of finance for Avtovaz and was one of the founders
of Logovaz. In short, an associate of Berezovsky. Are
Glushkov and Berezovsky in cahoots to siphon money
from Aeroflot? The parallels with Avtovaz are certainly
striking.
According to Moscow police reports, Berezovsky started
his auto dealership in close collaboration with the powerful
Chechen criminal gangs. Presumably they provided him
with physical protection_a "roof," as it's called in Russian
slang.
But two years ago the Solntsevo gang began to muscle in
on the Chechens' control of the Moscow auto market.
When the Russian gangsters approached Berezovsky
about an alliance, he is reported by one police detective to
have said: "I already have a roof. Talk to the Chechens."
The "conversation" between the Russian and the Chechen
gangsters over the Moscow auto market took place
outside a Logovaz showroom, near the Kazakhstan
Cinema. In the ensuing gun fight, six Chechens and four
Russians were killed.
Berezovsky says he remembers the 1994 shootout but
doesn't know what it was about.
Shortly after, Berezovsky barely escaped death himself.
He was being driven out of his office complex, sitting in the
back of his Mercedes 600, with his driver and bodyguard
in the front, when a remote-controlled car bomb exploded
next to the car, decapitating the driver. Berezovsky got
away with burns to his hands and face. A few days after
that, the headquarters of Berezovsky's Obedinenyi Bank
were bombed. No culprits were ever identified. They
rarely are in Russia. Says Berezovsky: " I am not one of
those people who seeks vengeance."
Maybe not, but people who have stood in his way have
sometimes met bloody ends. The most famous death came
with Berezovsky's move into TV broadcasting.
Two years ago Vladislav Listiev was Russia's most popular
talk show host and its most successful TV producer.
Listiev had recently persuaded the government to privatize
Channel 1, Russia's biggest nationwide TV network. In
early 1995 Listiev was named head of the reorganized
company, now known as ORT (Russian Public Television).
The government kept 51% of ORT; a group of
well-connected businessmen got the rest. Leading the
businessmen was Berezovsky, who acquired 16% of the
stock for a mere $320,000.
Listiev had no intention of being a figurehead. He decided
to clean up the network's unsavory connections. His main
target was Sergei Lisovsky, a 36-year-old advertising man
who made his first fortune from a chain of Moscow
discotheques. These glittering dives were known as good
places to procure drugs. They were a haunt of Russia's
crime bosses.
From discos, Lisovsky moved into advertising. To buy
time on any of the top five Russian TV channels you must
go through Lisovsky or an allied company. Here, as in cars
and airline tickets, the middleman seems to have captured
the float. This year advertisers will pay about $80 million to
buy time on ORT. The money goes first to the media sales
company, which then pays the network. But companies
like Lisovsky's Premier SV were keeping most of the
money while government subsidies (some $250 million)
were keeping the TV network operating.
Why is organized crime so powerful?
"In the government there are many people
who are criminals themselves," says Berezovsky.
Lisovsky's business has been connected with some
unsavory characters. One of Premier SV'S founding
shareholders, Sergei Antonov, has been arrested by the
Moscow police on racketeering charges. The chief
financial officer of Premier SV, according to police
investigations, is Alexander Averin. Known in the
underworld as "Avera Junior," Averin is important for his
family connections_his older brother, Viktor, is the
right-hand man of "Mikhas," a former hotel waiter, now
boss of the notorious Solntsevo Gang; Mikhas was
recently arrested on money laundering charges in
Switzerland.
This was the crowd that Vladislav Listiev, the TV
producer, decided to take on.
On Feb. 20, 1995 Listiev announced that he was breaking
Lisovsky's advertising monopoly and instituting a
temporary moratorium on advertising until ORT could
work out new "ethical standards."
"I knew he would be killed_the people he was dealing
with were totally criminal," says one close friend of
Listiev's. Two weeks later Listiev was gunned down by
professional assassins at the entrance to his apartment
building. Forbes has obtained documents on the case from
the organized crime unit of the Moscow police department.
According to these documents, Listiev knew that he was a
marked man. He knew law enforcement authorities in
Russia are powerless against the kind of opposition he
faced. So Listiev gathered a group of his closest friends
and explained the reason he might be killed.
This is the tale he told them.
When Listiev announced that he would be ending the
advertising monopoly, Lisovsky demanded $100 million in
damages. Listiev found a European company (name
undisclosed) willing to buy the ORT advertising franchise.
Listiev asked Boris Berezovsky to act as transfer agent
and hand over the $100 million to Lisovsky. Berezovsky
took the cash and stalled Lisovsky; he would get his
money in three months, Berezovsky explained.
Thus the reforming Listiev was caught between two
ruthless characters. He paid with his life.
Now Berezovsky effectively controls ORT with 36% of
the network's voting stock, and Lisovsky is again the sole
agent for its advertising. In June Sergei Lisovsky was
caught by security guards as he was coming out of Russian
government headquarters with $500,000 stuffed into a
cardboard box. The matter is still "being investigated."
The public outcry over Listiev's death was immense.
Thousands of mourners showed up at his funeral. But the
subsequent investigation was a tragic farce. Lisovsky's and
Berezovsky's offices were searched by the police
immediately after the murder.
Five months later the federal prosecutor's office announced
that it had closed the Listiev case, and identified the names
of both the people who ordered the killing and those who
had carried it out. The very next day the prosecutor's office
recanted, saying that the investigation was continuing. Two
months later the prosecutor-general was fired and thrown
in jail on charges of corruption.
Berezovsky denies that he had anything to do with Listiev's
killing. He blames unnamed advertising and production
companies that were being hurt by Listiev's reorganization
of the network.
Did Berezovsky adopt a low profile after the killing? No
way. This spring, Berezovsky emerged as a participant in
the National Sports Fund, a charity organized by Boris
Yeltsin's tennis coach to benefit sports in Russia. Over the
past several years the organization has received billions of
dollars in revenues from the duty-free importation of
alcohol and cigarettes. When at least $100 million went
missing earlier this year, the organization was revealed as a
massively corrupt racket. Its privileges were withdrawn
and the tennis coach was sacked.
The president of the fund was Boris Feodorov, a close ally
of Berezovsky. Feodorov gave a newspaper interview in
which he claimed that he was being victimized by criminal
organizations within President Yeltsin's administration.
In June, before the interview was published, Feodorov was
shot and repeatedly stabbed by unknown assailants in
Moscow. He survived and fled to Western Europe.
Apparently that interview was so close to the truth as to
threaten the gangsters and their higher-up accomplices.
Is Boris Berezovsky the godfather of Russia's godfathers?
It sure looks that way.
Side Lines
By James W. Michaels, Editor
Keeping the old KGB busy
THE AUTHORS of "Godfather of the Kremlin" are, of
course, well known to the editors of Forbes and highly
regarded here_but after you've read the article that starts
on page 90, you will understand why we have omitted their
names.
It reads like fiction, but this is the true story of the brilliant,
unscrupulous Boris Berezovsky, a close associate of
President Boris Yeltsin and a man who parlayed an auto
dealership into Russia's most formidable business empire.
Berezovsky stands tall as one of the most powerful men in
Russia. Behind him lies a trail of corpses, uncollectible
debts and competitors terrified for their lives.
A number of Forbes editorial staffers were involved in the
reporting and picture-gathering over a period of many
months. As one of them puts it: "In Moscow, asking
questions about Berezovsky was like being back there in
pre-Gorbachev days. At the very mention of Berezovsky's
name, people would look around furtively, lower their
voices and try to change the subject."
Russians have good reason to be afraid of Berezovsky and
people like him: Emulating the old communist bosses, the
new crime bosses use KGB-trained assassins and
enforcers. In the prevalence of brutality and extralegal
power grabs, Russia hasn't finished paying the price for
those 70 years of communism.
This is one of the finest pieces of reporting I have seen in
my half-century in journalism.
From daemon Fri Jan 17 13:12:27 1997
>From INFO-RUSS-request@smarty.ece.jhu.edu Fri Jan 17 13:12:26 1997
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Date: Tue, 14 Jan 97 12:46:18 -0800
From: jbk@joule.ee.ucla.edu
To: info-russ@smarty.ece.jhu.edu
Subject: INFO-RUSS: Internet hangs out... (fwd)
Status: OR
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-----------------Forwarded--------------------------
Why the Internet is like a certain part of male anatomy:
1. Some folks have it, some don't. Those who have it would be
devastated if it were ever cut off. They think that those who don't
have it are somehow inferior. Those who don't have it may agree that
it is a nifty toy, but think it's not worth the fuss made over it by
those who do have it. Still, many of those who don't have it would
like to try it.
2. It can be up or down. It's more fun when it's up, but it's also
harder to get any real work done.
3. In the long-distant past, its only purpose was to transmit
information considered vital to the survival of the species. Some
people still think that's the only thing it should be used for, but
most folks today use it for fun most of the time.
4. Once you've started playing with it, it's hard to stop. Some people
would just play with it all day if they didn't have work to do.
5. It provides a way to interact with other people. Some people take
this interaction very seriously, others treat it as a lark.
Sometimes it's hard to tell what kind of person you're dealing with
until it's too late.
6. If you don't apply the appropriate protective measures, it can
spread viruses.
7. It has no brain of its own. Instead, it uses yours. If you use it
too much, you'll find it more and more difficult to think
coherently.
8. We attach an importance to it that is far greater than what its
actual size and influence warrant.
9. If you're not careful what you do with it, it can get you in big
trouble.
10.It has its own agenda. Somehow, no matter how good your intentions,
it will warp your behavior. Later you may ask yourself, "Why on
earth did I do that?"
11.It has no conscience and no memory. Left to its own devices, it will
do the same dumb things it did before.
------------- End Forwarded Message -------------
From root Sat Jan 25 18:55:04 1997
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From: Dr S L Braunstein
To: info-russ@smarty.ece.jhu.edu
Date: Sat, 25 Jan 1997 19:05:10 +0100
Subject: INFO-RUSS: one year position in UK for exUSSR nationals
Priority: normal
Status: OR
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Folks:
The Royal Society/Nato Postdoctoral Fellowship Programme tenable
for ONE year in a laboratory in the UK.
For nationals from: Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria,
Chech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungry, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovak Republic,
Slovenia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan and the
Former Yugoslav Replublic of Macedonia.
For candidates who have reached postdoctoral (or equivalent) level;
they may be in the final stages of their Ph.D., however, awards
cannot be taken up until confirmation of the degree has been submitted
to the Royal Society. Candidates must be under 40, with exceptions
made for older candidates who have obtained their Ph.D.s within the
last three years only.
For fellowships for research in the natural sciences, including
mathematics, engineering, non-clinical medical research and the
scientific research aspects of psychology, archaeology, geography,
agriculture and the history of science.
Level of award is "generously" supported by NATO, covering living costs
including contribution towards air-fare, research expenses and subsidiary
visits. Awards may be reduced if other funding is being received.
Applications are invited to two annual closing dates: 15 April
and 15 September. Forms are completed jointly by host and
applicant and are available from:
The Royal Society, 6 Carlton House Terrace,
London SW1Y 5AG.
tel: +44 (171) 839-5561; fax: +44 (171) 925-2620
e-mail: ezmb016@mailbox.ulcc.ac.uk
-------------------------------------------------
A note to Prof. Alex Kaplan:
Dear Sasha,
You might let your cohorts know that I would be happy to act
as host in theoretical laser physics, quantum optics, quantum
computation or almost anything they might be interested in doing.
If anyone is so interested in my acting as a host they might
wish to see my web page: http://www.physik.uni-ulm.de/~sam/home.html
I am part of a larger group of Alan Shore's:
http://www.sees.bangor.ac.uk/~alan/bio.htm
with whom they could have strong contact as they wished.
My e-mail address is: schmuel@sees.bangor.ac.uk
PS: Let them know that I DO NOT speak or read Russian
(Yidysh is OK:-)
Dr. Samuel L. Braunstein
School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Systems, SEECS
University of Wales, Bangor
Dean Street, Bangor
Gwynedd LL57 1UT
United Kingdom
+44 (1248) 36-1429: fax
Anyway, hope that's of interest.
------------------------------------------------------
From root Mon Jan 27 02:51:14 1997
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Date: Sun, 1 Dec 1996 21:15:37 -0500 (EST)
To:
From: yluryi@julian.uwo.ca (Yuri Luryi)
Subject: INFO-RUSS: Nashi poety....
Status: OR
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>Reuter, Saturday November 30
>Russian Military Train Leaves Chechnya
A KTO ABTOP ODbI:
Bichem rabov, nechistoj siloj,
Ordoj raznoyasykikh mass
Prosterlas' ty nad polumirom
I Rimom tret'im nazvalas'.
Preident Chechni Zelimkhan Yandarbiev, "Checheniia - bitva za svobodu".
Pyat' tysiach ekzemplyarov ego knigi (496 stranits!) zaderzhali na granitse
slavnye taganrogskie tamozhenniki ("Izvestiia").
YURI I. LURYI,
University of Toronto Centre for
Russian and East European Studies.
712-1510 Richmond Street, North.
London, Ontario N6G 4V2 CANADA.
Telephone: (519)858-0221;
FAX: (519)858-0837 or 661-3790;
e-mail: yluryi@uwo.ca
From root Mon Jan 27 06:25:06 1997
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From: "Alexander Soifer, Univ. of Colorado"
To: info-russ@smarty.ece.jhu.edu
Subject: INFO-RUSS: Berezovsky and Truimph awards
Status: ORr
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On January 7, 1997 there was a presentation of prestigious "Triumph"
awards in Moscw. Awards went to Vojnovich and others. The winners were
selected by the jury that included the top Russian art personalities: V.
Vasiliev, E. Neizvestnyi, A. Voznesensky, E. Klimov, Aksyonov, E.
Maksimova, O. Tabakov, etc. Vasiliev (Bol'shy Theater) thanked the chair
of Sovet Popechitelej, Boris Abramovich Berezovsky, for selfless
sponsorship, for giving money "with no strings attached" (!). Then
Berezovsky spoke. Everyone in the room applauded, including Zhvanezky
(yes, I saw him applauding), Akhmadulina, Eifman, as well as the jury
members listed above, BUT nobody smiled...
If the Forbes Magazine is right about Berezovsky (and I would like the
informed-info-russers to enlighten me), then it is shocking that money can
buy not only politicians (that we know), but also some of the very best of
Russian intellecuals, some of whom used to be dissidents. IF Forbes is
right, then money can buy anyone, anyone at all, including people I have
admired all my life. There is a chance, of course, that they do not read
Forbes, but info russ mentioned that the article was reprinted in Novoye
Russkoye Slovo and Sovetskaya Rossia...
Can YOU make a sense of it? Am I missing something?
Alexander Soifer
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To: info-russ@smarty.ece.jhu.edu
From: goldfarb@phri.nyu.edu (Alex Goldfarb)
Subject: INFO-RUSS: still about Berezovsky
Status: OR
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Russian Mogul Epitomizes
New Power of Capitalism
By David Hoffman
Washington Post Foreign Service
Friday, January 10 1997; Page A01
The Washington Post
MOSCOW -- On a recent Wednesday afternoon, Boris Berezovsky, deputy chief
of the Kremlin Security Council, wearing an impeccably tailored business
suit, crisp white shirt and red tie, negotiated a deal with the bearded
Salman Raduyev, a battle-hardened Chechen military commander wearing comb at
fatigues. That day, Berezovsky won the release of 21 Russian troops taken
hostage by Raduyev's militiamen in a potentially explosive dispute.
On Thursday afternoon, Berezovsky, again perfectly attired, was honored at
a ceremony in Moscow. The Russian Association for the Advancement of
Science and Education named him Philanthropist of the Year for his gift of
$1.3 million to support travel by Russian scientists to international
conferences.
And on Friday evening, Berezovsky, industrialist and financier, was at his
Moscow business club, a richly decorated old mansion, showing a visitor to
his private office and talking at length about the power of capitalists in
the new Russian state.
"I think two types of power are possible," he said, speaking softly, but
quickly: "Either a power of ideology, or a power of capital. Ideology is
now dead, and today we have a period of transition, from the power of
ideology to the power of capital."
More than anyone else, Berezovsky epitomizes the dominance of the new
Russian tycoons and their near total merger with affairs of state. His
official title is deputy secretary of the Security Council, responsible for
Chechnya -- the war-ravaged southern region whose battle for independence
from Moscow was halted by a cease-fire last fall. But Berezovsky is much,
much more.
He is part of a tight circle of financiers and business moguls who, by his
own estimate, control half of Russia's economy. They are the new leading
oligarchs of Russia, buccaneering bankers and industrialists who are deeply
entwined with the government of President Boris Yeltsin. They are
reform-minded in the sense that they bankrolled Yeltsin's presidential
campaign against his Communist rival last year, and they generally favor
the country's rocky transition to a free-market democracy, which has made
them fabulously wealthy.
They all attained wealth in the violent, corruption-ridden, high-stakes
competition that followed the collapse of the Soviet Union five years ago.
The effort was not one of pure entrepreneurship; these tycoons did not
strive to get rich by building a better mousetrap. Instead, they fought for
the juiciest pieces of the fallen Soviet empire. Virtually all of them, in
one way or another, capitalized on obtaining -- often for next to nothing
-- a valuable chunk of former state property to exploit. The scramble for
wealth and power was carried out with brutal means, often including car
bombs and assassinations.
As the grasp of the Russian state continues to weaken, the role of the
financial and industrial clans within it continues to grow. While the state
seems helpless to meet even such basic obligations as paying soldiers on
time, mighty corporate interests are on the march, often at the expense of
the state. They run airlines, television stations, auto factories,
newspapers, energy monopolies and more. They get favorable treatment from a
Kremlin that still picks winners and losers in the economy, and they give
favors back to those in power -- such as huge campaign contributions and
flattering television news coverage.
In their view, there is virtually no barrier between their interests and
those of Russia itself. "I think that if something is advantageous to
capital," Berezovsky said, "it goes without saying that it's advantageous
to the nation. It's capital that is in a condition, to the greatest extent,
to express the interests of the nation."
Critics charge that the new capitalists have gone too far and that they
used illicit or criminal means to grab their new wealth. Grigory Yavlinsky,
leader of the centrist Yabloko faction in the lower house of parliament,
wrote in a recent commentary that the "main characteristic" of Russia's
power structure is that it is "profit-seeking" and that "all its activities
are geared exclusively toward profits -- more often than not, the material
profit of some oligarchic clan."
Berezovsky, 50, epitomizes the new blend of Russian magnate and politician.
He and several other tycoons who benefited handsomely from Russia's
free-market reforms and the privatization of state property poured millions
of dollars into Yeltsin's reelection campaign. According to Berezovsky,
they believed they were acting not only in Russia's interest but defending
themselves, because they feared that a Communist victory would wipe them
out.
"I felt this especially acutely on the eve of the presidential election,"
Berezovsky said. "I felt that everything we've done is under threat,
because, completely realistically, the Communists could have come to power.
My colleagues are those who were able to build big businesses in Russia.
We felt this danger before others, just as we sensed earlier than others the
opportunities opened by the new system."
Money and power are the common denominator of this clan, many of whom were
rivals in the past. In addition to Berezovsky, they include Vladimir
Gusinsky, a banking and media mogul who controls Russia's main commercial
television station; Vladimir Potanin, now a deputy prime minister, who was
head of Oneximbank; Mikhail Khodorkovsky, of the giant Menatep group; Petr
Aven, one of the original Kremlin reformists who is now president of Alpha
Bank; Alexander Smolensky of StolichnyBank; and Vladimir Vinogradov of
Inkombank.
Following the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, last year, they
played a key role in persuading Yeltsin to rehire Anatoly Chubais, the
efficient but unpopular former privatization chief, to run his reelection
campaign. Then they helped persuade Yeltsin to dump the reactionaries in
his entourage, including his longtime personal bodyguard, Alexander
Korzhakov.
Then they recruited as Security Council chief -- and later helped depose --
the charismatic Alexander Lebed, whose brief alliance with Yeltsin boosted
the president's vote tally. "In the end, we succeeded in winning not the
elections as such, but we succeeded in winning the course of reform,"
Berezovsky said.
After the election, the group discussed who among them should enter the
government at a senior level to deal with economic affairs, according to
one source. They settled on Potanin because he is an ethnic Russian; most
of the rest of them, including Berezovsky and Gusinsky, are Jewish, and
they feared a nationalist backlash.
Berezovsky acknowledged recently that he became an Israeli citizen in 1994,
but he gave that up, he said, when he joined the Kremlin Security Council
in late October. Berezovsky has said also that he has surrendered direct
control of his business affairs while he serves in government.
Russia's new tycoons are not public heroes. Popular resentments run deep
over the vast sell-off of state property, which made many of them rich and
left millions of Russians in poverty. "In the redistribution of
property,there are no satisfied people," Berezovsky said. "Everyone is
unhappy. Those who got a lot aren't happy, because they think they could
have gotten even more, and those who lost aren't happy."
The transformation was "painful" for the rich, he said, because "they place
themselves under bullets." Berezovsky knows; he narrowly escaped a 1994
car-bomb assassination attempt that beheaded his driver.
It has been common practice among most of the leading financiers and
industrialists in Russia's new market economy to employ Mafia-style
protection gangs. Businesses small and large have "security departments" to
fend off rivals or threaten creditors and debtors. This world is murky and
violent; very few of the hundreds of assassinations and attempted
assassinations have ever been solved.
"We acted according to the law; we acted within the framework of the law, "
Berezovsky said in the interview. "That's why we aren't Mafia or criminals.
Moreover, if we were, we wouldn't be talking with you here, but I should be
sitting behind bars."
Berezovsky was described in darker terms in a recent Forbes magazine
article that called him a "powerful gangland boss." The article charged
that Berezovsky milked large firms for profit by acting as a middleman with
the backing of organized crime groups that used murder as a business tool.
Berezovsky has denounced the Forbes article as "a compilation of thoughts,
garbling of facts and straight lies" and said he intends to sue for libel.
The article also suggests that Berezovsky had a role in the 1995 killing of
a prominent television personality, Vladislav Listyev, at a time when
Berezovsky had become an investor in a privatized television channel that
Listyev was to run. Listyev had announced just before his death that there
would be a ban on advertising on the channel to prevent commercial
corruption.
Berezovsky has said separately that the attempt on his life was made by the
same people who killed Listyev, but he has not identified them by name.
No one has ever been charged in Listyev's slaying.
Berezovsky, the son of an engineer, attended a forest technology academy
and later rose to a top post at a management institute. He became a member
of the Russian Academy of Sciences and published articles about applied
mathematics. But he was restless and jumped at the chance to make money
during the "economic restructuring" initiative of the late Soviet era.
He devised a management system for the automaker Avtovaz, then became a car
dealer; later, he began importing foreign cars, including Mercedes. In the
fall of 1993, he launched a controversial investment project that promised
production of a "truly people's automobile," but so far,investors have had
no return on their money. Berezovsky promised recently that he would begin
paying dividends next year.
At the center of Berezovsky's empire is his holding company, Logovaz,
through which he has controlling or partial interests in banks; the
powerful Russian public television channel ORT; the newspaper Nezavisimaya
Gazeta; Transaero, a successful Russian airline; a Moscow television
station; the weekly magazine Ogonyok; and Sibneft, Russia's seventh largest
oil company. He also is involved in managing Russia's national airline,
Aeroflot.
But his most controversial venture has been into government. Why does one
of Russia's biggest tycoons want to be deputy secretary of the Security
Council, handling the postwar headaches of Chechnya? Berezovsky said he
took the job because "Chechnya today is the biggest destabilizing political
factor in Russia." He recently told Kommersant magazine that the only
recourse for Russia is to try to rebuild the region.
There has been speculation here that Berezovsky also is looking beyond the
Chechen conflict at the commercial value of the rebellious Caucusus region,
which sits astride potential oil routes. Berezovsky said recently that oil
was important but "not the prime problem" in his considerations. The
newsmagazine Itogi suggested that Berezovsky is trying nothing less than
to buy Chechnya's membership in the Russian fold.
The tactic, the magazine said, is this: "What cannot be bought for money
can be bought for a lot of money. In other words, they want to complete a
big deal, to exchange the rebels' demands for freedom for a share in the
oil."
@CAPTION: Boris Berezovsky's financial skills have brought him political
power.
Copyright 1997 The Washington Post Company
From root Thu Jan 30 12:19:10 1997
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Date: Wed, 29 Jan 1997 10:58:58 -0600 (CST)
From: azret kalmykov
To: info-russ@smarty.ece.jhu.edu
Subject: INFO-RUSS: Travel to Russia...
Status: ORr
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Hello, dear friends!
I need here a piece of advice from those of you who ar in States. If you
remember my last request for my friend's future baby' citizenship, now
their saga continues...
My friends here are on student visa, they are russian citizens (do not
have green cards). Now, their child is american and they are planning to
go home to Russia for several years, of course, with their child.
The question is does their child go to Russia on guest visa and at
maximim it is going to last for 3 months and then they have to renew his
visa within Russia (OVIR-?!).
How do russian citizens go back to Russia with their "american" children
and manage to stay in Russia (mainly, how their child manage to stay
over there legally, with future attendance of at least elementary
school)?
What is the status of their child? Is he just "visiting" his folks or
something else can be arranged that we do not know of???
If we call russian consulate, what do we need to ask for?
Please, those of you who know anything about it or went
through the same procedures, share info. with me.
With all my respect, Azret
From root Fri Jan 31 00:22:10 1997
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Date: 30 Jan 1997 19:07:42 -0500
From: "Futer"
Subject: INFO-RUSS: looking for a friend
To: "INFO-RUSS"
Status: OR
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I am looking for a friend of mine who emigrated to Israel - Dubinin
(Roytberg) Mikhail Igorevich, DOB:December 28, 1956, graduated from school
#29 in Moscow in 1974, physician.
Please respond directly to me: futer@vpharm.com
Thanks a lot, Olga Futer
From root Fri Jan 31 13:24:13 1997
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Date: 29 Jan 97 23:15:59 EST
From: Alex Kraytsberg <102337.1715@CompuServe.COM>
To: info-russ@smarty.ece.jhu.edu
Subject: INFO-RUSS: Come on, folks, Berezovsky is our guy, sort of...
Status: Or
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=====================================================================
Folks,
Strangely enough, Berezovsky, Triumph award, and all this, suddenly
became a hot subject. Many folks sent in their msg, most of which
were strongly supportive of that poor fella Berezovsky, or of the
recipients of the Triumph award (I presume that their authors were not
directly supported/funded by Berezovsky, or if they were, there were no
strings attached:-). The tone of most of them was between hysterical
and paranoid, and the common thing for them was that each one of them
declared apriory that this @#&@* coordinator is not going to broadcast
their msgs, but they will tell what they think anyway. They were
right of course; this coordinator is not going to broadcast their
postings. However, here below is a posting by Alex Kraytsberg, who
seems to have something original (:-) to say, and does it in a frank and
calm way, so I decided to post it. As usually, it does not necessarily
mean that I agree with all or anything of what he is saying.
But it is going to be the last posting on the matter (at least
for now); after all, this subject is not about emigrants nor about
any crisis in Russia (I guess, for Russia, B&TA is business as
usual, right?). Please send your replies directly to the author
of the posting; I guess he should be ready to open a little
discussion club for a while (:-).
Alex Kaplan, owner/coordinator of info-russ
The text below is a posting by
Alex Kraytsberg 102337.1715@CompuServe.COM
=====================================================================
Dear info-russ-ians,
This is to reflect on recent postings regarding
Berezovsky: articles from Forbes, Washington Post,
and a posting by Alex Soifer reprimanding Russian
intellectuals who gladly received their Triumph Awards
funded by Berezovsky.
Let me offer here sort of excuse for those intellectuals,
and also lend a little support for Berezovsky
1) I do not mean to "plead ignorance", but I am not sure that
everything one can read in Forbes (or any other magazine) is exactly
right. Moreover, Sovietskaya Rossia is quite an infamous newspaper.
So it may be reasonable to distrust the article when reading
that in this newspaper.
Pozvolju sebe skazat' i esche neskol'ko slov v zaschitu tex dejatelej
kul'tury, v kotoryx Vy, Sasha (Soifer) , tak razocharovalis'.
Predstavim sebe, chto 85% faktov, privedennyx v obsuzhdaemoj stat'e,
sootvetstvujut dejstvitel'nosti. Odnako vsegda li pravda i est'
spravedlivost'? Dumaju, chto net, ne vsegda. Poprobuem zhe byt'
spravedlivymi.
Itak, kto zhe takoj Berezovskij, smotrja na nego ne iznutri, a
izvne, tak, kak my vse, i perechislennye Vami ljudi iskusstva v tom
chisle, tol'ko smotret' i mogut? V traktovke avtorov stat'i on, v
obschem-to, ugolovnik. Nu, nezaurjadnyj ugolovnik, vsex razbojnikov
nachal'nik i banditov komandir. A ved' on, prezhde vsego,
prinadlezhit k tomu zhe sloju obschestva, chto i V. Vasiliev,
E.Neizvestnyi, A. Voznesensky, E. Klimov, Aksyonov, E. Maksimova, O.
Tabakov, etc., da i vse my s vami! Sudite sami. Ego studencheskie
gody prishlis' na "ottepel'", a pochti vsja aktivnaja zhizn' - na
zastojnoe vremja. On vybral zhizn' intelligenta, ne chinovnika ili
skazhem, "cexovika", i zanjalsja prikladnoj matematikoj. My s Vami
vse xorosho znaem etu zhizn': MNS, SNS, zavlab (poslednee - ne
ochen' verojatno dlja evreja, no u Berezovskogo poluchilos', stal
rektorom), nekotorye privilegii (medobsluzhivanie poluchshe
srednego, etc.) i povyshe srednesovetskogo zarplata, uvazhaemaja,
chto ni govori, professija i nebol'shaja pensija v konce zhizni. Da,
interesnaja rabota, eto blagoslovenie, no lish' nemnogie mogut zhit'
tol'ko naukoj - mnogo li sredi nas Gaussov, Shredingerov i Landau?
Nu, vot i Berezovskij ne iz nix. Kak i mnogie iz nas, podumyval o
"peremene sud'by", a tut pojavilis' vozmozhnosti vtoroj poloviny
80-x godov, i imejuschie vlast' i svjazi stali besheno nabivat'
karmany. I nash geroj skazal, vidimo, sebe: a pochemu vse dolzhno
dostat'sja byvshim nomenklaturnym rabotnikam i partijnym bossam
vtorogo rjada? Pochemu ne mne? Vse eto dostatochno ponjatno ljubomu
rossijskomu intelligentu. A potom nastupilo bezvremen'e (kotoroe
vnachale mnogie schitali proryvom k "svetloj zhizni"), rost cen,
obnischanie vsego nashego sloja i poterja dazhe tex zhalkix
privilegij, chto my imeli, ischeznovenie "aury" uchenogo i prixod k
vlasti vmesto starogo, glupogo, uzhe bezzubogo drakona novoj, s
pozvolenija skazat',"elity", ozabochennoj tol'ko tem, kak by
pribrat' k rukam priobretennoe pravdami i nepravdami za poslednie 70
let drakonom. I tut vyjasnilos', chto Berezovskij - sil'nyj chelovek
"iz nashix". Vot vse, skazhem, chitali "Nezavisimuju gazetu", a ona
vdrug perestala vyxodit'. I ne vyxodila iz-za otsutstvija deneg. A
tut prishel Berezovskij i dal deneg, i vse zavertelos' opjat' (i ne
nado ob'jasnjat' mne, chto eto ne blagotvoritel'nost' - sam znaju,
no obschestvennym soznaniem eto bylo vosprinjato kak blago). Den'gi
daet uchenym, premii uchrezhdaet ljudjam kul'tury (i ne
soprovozhdaet eti blaga nikakimi uslovijami).
Konechno, ubijstva i razboj (nazovem veschi svoimi imenami, v konce
koncov, ne oblagorazhivaja nichego blagozvuchnymi ital'janskimi
slovami i imenami) nikto iz istinnyx rossijskix intelligentov
odobrjat' ne stanet, no risknu skazat', chto mnogoe iz
inkriminirovannogo Berezovskomu Forbes'om po bol'shomu schetu ne tak
uzh sil'no osuzhdaetsja obschestvennym mneniem intelligentskoj
Rossii. Da, chestnyj chelovek nichego etogo delat' nikogda ne
dolzhen. No:
1) Pol'zuetsja oxranoj bandy razbojnikov. Dlja amerikanca -
predposlednjaja stepen' padenija, dal'she uzhe sleduet tol'ko
prodazha dushi d'javolu. A v Rossii etim pol'zujutsja (vynuzhdenno,
poludobrovol'no ili dobrovol'no) v toj ili inoj stepeni prakticheski
vse delovye ljudi.
2) Byl fakticheski iniciatorom ugolovnoj "razborki" so strel'boj? A
chto, komu - nibud' iz rossijskix intelligentov zhalko ubityx s toj
ili s drugoj storony banditov?
3) Organizovyval ubijstvo konkurentov? Eto ploxo, no esli dlja
amerikanca - xuzhe nekuda, to v Rossii vse znajut, chto i onye
konkurenty dejstvovali temi zhe sposobami, i po otnosheniju k
Berezovskomu v tom chisle. Prosto oni banditov ne takix provornyx
nanimali. Eto, uvy, praktika takaja sejchas v Rossii. Pomnite li,
kak Robinzon Kruzo sobiralsja v pravednom gneve istrebit' ljudoedov,
kotorye povadilis' ezdit' obedat' na ego ostrov? Odnako on nemnogo
podumal, i ponjal, chto za poroki vsego obschestva otdel'nyj
chelovek otvechat' ne mozhet, i ne dolzhen, dazhe esli on etim
porokam i podverzhen.
4) Amerikancy pravil'no schitajut, chto nexorosho nabivat' sebe
karmany za schet kazny, podkupaja ili zapugivaja chinovnikov. Odnako
po umolchaniju oni schitajut, chto esli etogo Lucky Berezovsky
delat' ne budet, to den'gi pojdut tuda, kuda im polozheno - na
shkoly, dorogi, etc. Chto zhe, zdes', v Shtatax, eto po krajnej mere
otchasti tak. A vot v Rossii eto sejchas sovsem ne tak, i eto tam
kazhdyj xorosho znaet! Berezovskogo kak lichnost' eto mozhet i ne
opravdyvaet, no ljudi vidjat, chto ne emu - tak drugomu, i pri etom
ne byvshemu intelligentu (da, uvy, byvshemu), a byvshemu partijnomu
bonze ili nomenklaturnomu chinushe. I budet etot tratit' denzhki
nivest' na chto, i dazhe v luchshem sluchae dast ix ne na granty
uchenym ili premii pisateljam, a vystroit v centre Moskvy esche odin
xram, blago ix snesli v svoe vremja stol'ko, chto vosstanavlivat'
vsem xvatit (ne tam xramy nado stroit', xram - eto ne dom s kupolom
iz kirpicha, xram kak raz pisatel' i mozhet vystroit').
Vyvod ja delaju takoj - Berezovskij vygljadit sovsem ne tak ploxo v
glazax rossijskogo intelligenta, chtoby iz-za odnogo podozrenija,
chto on mog sovershit' koe - chto (ili dazhe mnogoe) iz
pripisyvaemogo emu Forbes'om, ot nego otshatyvalis' by kak ot
prokazhennogo vse chestnye ljudi V ROSSII. I esli oni etogo ne
delajut, i berut ot nego kopeechku, za kotoruju velel on
zastrelit'... - da Vy sami znaete etu istoriju s jurodivym i carem
Borisom - to vovse ne potomu, chto vse mozhno kupit'. Nado by ne ot
Berezovskogo, a ot segodnjashnej rossijskoj dejstvitel'nosti
otshatyvat'sja, eto bylo by spravedlivo. No nevozmozhno... A sovest'
ljudi, nadejus', ne poterjali, i mne kazhetsja, chto vot okazhit' na
meste uchreditelja premii ne Berezovskij, a Mavrodi - tak i ne
vzjali by deneg. Ej Bogu, ne vzjali by.
So V. Vasiliev, E. Neizvestnyi, A. Voznesensky, E. Klimov, Aksyonov,
E. Maksimova, O. Tabakov, etc. are not just bribed. Even if Forbes
is right, money cannot buy everybody, and particulary that people.
You can go on to admire them. But I would like to remind you that they
all are no more than human being...
Best regards
Alex Kraytsberg
102337.1715@Compuserve. com
[Jan.]
[Mar.]
[Apr.]
[May]
[Jun.]
[Summer]
[File end]
Back to INFO-RUSS home page
Back to A. E. Kaplan's home page
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From: "Yuri Cooper"
To: info-russ@smarty.ece.jhu.edu
Date: Fri, 31 Jan 1997 13:41:48 EDT
Subject: INFO-RUSS: software development position
Status: OR
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Hello everybody:
BGS Systems, Waltham, Mass is looking for two PL/I programers.
Interested parties please reply to me : yury@bgs.com
or (617) 663-4673.
Regards,
Yuri Cooper
From root Thu Feb 6 17:02:59 1997
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Date: 6 Feb 97 23:15:59 EST
From: Alexander Kaplan
To: info-russ@smarty.ece.jhu.edu
Subject: INFO-RUSS: it is back...
Status: Or
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Dear folks,
As you might've noticed, info-russ is back to a regular mode
of operation (although there were quite a few posting during
that "semi-dormant" period); I kept my promise to do it in
the beginning of February. A little secret of semi-dormant mode
is that I was simply away from the country on my sabbatical in
Germany (with my stay in Germany supported by the Alexander von
Humboldt Award I've got last year). I've already subscribed or
unsubscribed all the folks who asked me for it, and even started
having fun with some of you guys getting mighty wrathful about
the intelligentsia & Berezovsky & each other (so what is new?:-).
Anyway, my stay in Germany was great, but I am happy to be
back to home and your wrathful company (:-).
Have a nice info-russing.
--Cheers,
Alex Kaplan, info-russ owner/coordinator
E-mail: sasha@super.ece.jhu.edu
web: http://psi.ece.jhu.edu/~kaplan
From root Fri Feb 7 16:20:22 1997
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From: "Falkovich G."
To: info-russ@smarty.ece.jhu.edu
Subject: INFO-RUSS: occasion to Russia
Status: OR
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Dear netters,
we are looking for somebody going soon to Novosibirsk or Moscow
from Israel to take urgently needed medicine. Please, call 08-9473032,
08-9343697 (Sergey) or send e-mail to fnluk@wis.weizmann.ac.il
Grisha Falkovich and Sergey Lukaschuk
From root Fri Feb 7 16:58:37 1997
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Date: Fri, 7 Feb 1997 10:50:11 -0400
To: info-russ@smarty.ece.jhu.edu
From: lera@ruf.rice.edu (Valeria Randolph)
Subject: INFO-RUSS: please help to translate
Status: OR
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Dear info-russians,
is anyone out there familiar with russian herbs?
What are the russian names for:
Wheat germ
Oat bran
Brewer's yeast flakes
Saw palmetto berries
Pau de Arco
ecinachea
lecithin granules
Please help.
my email is lera@rice.edu
From root Fri Feb 7 17:26:07 1997
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Date: Fri, 7 Feb 97 16:03:39 -0500
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To: info-russ@smarty.ece.jhu.edu
From: chatan@idi.org.il
Subject: INFO-RUSS: Looking for a job
Status: OR
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This message is especially addressed to those who subscribe to this list who
reside in Israel. I emigrated to Israel 1 1/2 years ago from the United
States. I have a Ph.D in political science with a speciality in the former
Soviet Union, and I am fluent in Russian. At present, I live in Jerusalem.
in the past 1 1/2 years, I have not been able to find a full-time job in my
speciality. The best that I have been able to find was a part-time job as an
abstractor of English-language political science articles at the Israel
Democracy Institute, a think tank that does research on improving Israel's
political system. I have been looking for somebody to take me on as a
researcher or a post-doctoral fellow to to research in one of the three
following areas: 1) Israel's relationship with the UN; 2) the impact of the
Russian aliya on Israeli politics; or 3) comparative Central Asian foreign
policies. However, I have not had any takers. If any subscriber to this list
knows of where I can go, please let me know. If anybody is familiar with
sources or research grants or support outside of Israel to which I am
eligible to apply, please let me know.
Chaim Chatan
chatan@dns.idi.org.il
From root Fri Feb 7 20:39:46 1997
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Date: Fri, 7 Feb 97 18:28:24 -0500
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Reuter, Friday February 7 2:03 AM EST
U.S. Says Drug Smugglers Tried to Buy Sub
MIAMI (Reuter) - The owner of a Miami strip club has been
charged with acting as a middleman for Colombia drug gangs
trying to buy a Russian nuclear-powered submarine, U.S.
officials say.
The Piranha-class submarine would have been used to ferry
cocaine and other contraband underwater to the United States,
Drug Enforcement Administration spokeswoman Pam Brown said
Thursday.
These guys were negotiating with military officials in the
ex-Soviet Union for the purchase of submarine which they were
going to use to take narcotics to California and other places,
Brown said, adding that Ludwig "Tarzan"
Fainberg was arrested before the deal could go through.
The charge was contained in a 30-count indictment against
Fainberg, who was refused bail when he appeared in a Miami court
on Wednesday. He holds an Israeli passport.
He allegedly ran a criminal enterprise from his strip club
"Porky's"; near Miami International Airport.
The indictment said he acted as a middleman between Russians
and Latin American drug barons. His alleged activities also
included trafficking in drugs, contraband cigarettes and stolen
liquor, and providing prostitutes to Russian gangsters.
Prosecutor Diane Fernandez told the court Fainberg and his
cronies entered negotiations with the Russians to buy a
nuclear-powered Piranha class submarine from the Kronstadt naval
base near St. Petersburg, Russia. It would have been delivered
to a Colombian cartel for smuggling.
It was not clear who was to have operated the submarine.
Fernandez said Fainberg bought six Russian military
helicopters, each worth $1 million, for the drug traffickers.
Fainberg, whose attorney Loius Terminello called the
allegations "ridiculous"; has been in jail since Jan. 21.
Two other men named in the indictment as his business
partners, Juan Almeida and Nestor Yester, have not been arrested.
The indictment was the result of a three-year DEA operation
involving surveillance and undercover work, Brown said.
From root Tue Feb 11 00:13:55 1997
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From: "Gorlenco, Lada"
To: "'info-russ@smarty.ece.jhu.edu'"
Subject: INFO-RUSS: FW: International Money Transfers To and From Russia
Date: Fri, 07 Feb 97 11:31:00 GMT
Status: OR
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I've got this information from one of my lists, hope it'll be useful for
members of INFORUSS as well.
----------
From: owner-ceeman-l[SMTP:owner-ceeman-l@MAINE.MAINE.EDU]
Sent: 06 February 1997 19:24
To: CEEMAN-L
Subject: International Money Transfers To and From Russia
International Money Transfers To and From Russia
*****************************************************************
The following information was received today from the Interna-
tional Trade Administration, which had received the information
from the American Embassy in Moscow. The information may be
useful to list members involved in activities in Russia.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
-----------------------------------------------------------------
This report addresses international money transfers to and from
Russia, including company and individual money transfers. The
information for this report was obtained from direct interviews
with bank representatives.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Wire Transfers: Companies
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Transferring Money Abroad:
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Most banks operating in Russia will make a wire transfer only for
their clients. Moreover, many banks will not execute a transfer
unless a client is a juridical person, i.e. an entity. In com-
pliance with the Central Bank Instruction #39, a commercial
client should submit a contract, invoice, and customs declaration
to a bank to justify the legitimacy of a transfer. Most banks
adhere to the international standard of two working days for a
wire transfer completion.
The service charges vary from bank to bank but are competitive.
For example, Bank Menatep will charge USD 46 for a transfer
regardless of its amount. French bank Credit Lyonnais charges a
currency conversion fee that varies from 0.3 to 1 percent plus
flexible fee for a transfer itself. Dialog Bank clients pay a fee
of 0.1 percent of the transfer amount but not exceeding USD 100.
Inkombank assesses a USD 10 fixed service charge plus 0.2 percent
of the transfer amount but not exceeding USD 50.
Banks transfer the money through their correspondent accounts
with foreign banks. Inkombank has correspondent accounts with
four U.S. banks: the Bank of New York, Republic National Bank,
Bankers Trust Company, and Bank of America. Dialog Bank most
frequently uses its correspondent account with the bank of New
York.
The deputy head of the Inkombank's correspondent relationships
department, Elena Sokolova, noted that the bank's clients rarely
have any problems with their money transfers. Should any occur,
the matter is transferred to a investigation department that
specializes in finding lost transfers. Similar services are
offered by Dialog Bank.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Receiving Money from Abroad:
-----------------------------------------------------------------
A resident company receives money wired from abroad into a
transit account, where the money is kept for up to 14 days.
Within this period, a company should provide the bank with a
legal document (a contract, invoice, etc.) proving that a company
is entitled to the transferred money, after which a firm is
obligated to convert 50 percent of the amount into rubles accord-
ing to a central bank regulation. If the money is received as a
"capital transaction" (for instance, a contribution to a char-
tered capital), the company should present a special central bank
authorization. If a company fails to justify money received, a
bank has to send it back or notify the central bank of the trans-
action. Money transfers into non-resident companies' accounts
are not closely monitored.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Wire Transfers: Individuals
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Transferring Money Abroad:
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Central Bank Instruction #39 made it virtually impossible for
individuals to wire money abroad. The instances when the trans-
fers are allowed are limited to a specified list of events (for
example, payments for subscriptions for foreign press, payments
for medical services obtained abroad, etc.) Sergey Guskov,
senior specialist with Inkombank, says that many clients use the
following mechanism to repatriate their money: deposit money into
their Visa or Mastercard account with Inkombank; and when abroad,
use a money machine to access funds (which of course, requires a
high cash advance commission.)
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Receiving Money from Abroad:
-----------------------------------------------------------------
The situation is completely different for receiving money from
abroad. There are no restrictions on these transactions. An
individual can open a demand account with a USD 200 minimum
balance and receive any amount from any country in the world. It
is even possible to send money to a person's name, merely using a
bank's routing number to send the money. A recipient will be
able to retrieve the transferred funds from a bank after present-
ing a passport.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Western Union
-----------------------------------------------------------------
For individuals, perhaps the easiest way to transfer money abroad
is through the many offices of Western Union. A number of Rus-
sian banks are affiliated with Western Union, which explains the
slightly different requirements and terms of transfers at differ-
ent offices. All charge a steep commission. To illustrate: a
customer will have to pay a USD 90 service charge to transfer USD
1,500 abroad. There are no restrictions on receiving money once
a client presents a passport and 10-digit confirmation number.
To send money abroad, a non-resident should present a customs
declaration. The amount of the transfer should not exceed the
amount stated on the customs declaration. Banks usually impose
daily limits. A transferred amount should not exceed USD 6,000 a
day at the Western Union offices at the Rossiyskiy credit bank.
MPI Bank's daily limit is USD 20,000. Residents are required to
present a legal invoice or a central bank authorization to have
money wired.
*****************************************************************
From root Tue Feb 11 20:12:43 1997
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>From Danube@cris.com Mon Feb 10 20:36 EST 1997
From: DANUBE
To: Alexander Kaplan
Subject: INFO-RUSS: Phone Co Surcharge (fwd)
Status: OR
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I am writing you this to inform you of a very important matter
currently under review by the FCC. Your local telephone company has
filed a proposal with the FCC to impose per minute charges for your
internet service. They contend that your usage has or will hinder the
operation of the telephone network.
It is my belief that internet usage will diminish if users were
required to pay additional per minute charges. The FCC has created an
email box for your comments, responses must be received by February
13, 1997.
Send your comments to isp@fcc.gov and tell them what you think.
Every phone company is in on this one, and they are trying to sneak
it in just under the wire for litigation. Let everyone you know hear
this one. Get the e-mail address to everyone you can think of.
isp@fcc.gov
****Please forward this email to all your friends on the internet so
all our voices may be heard!
From root Tue Feb 11 22:57:45 1997
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Date: Mon, 10 Feb 1997 15:34:49 -0500 (EST)
From: Biana Brukman
To: info-russ@smarty.ece.jhu.edu
Subject: INFO-RUSS: Tashkent Home Page
Status: OR
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Dear Info-Russ Subscribers,
I would like to invite you to visit the new TashkentInfo Home Page. It
contains a Directory of People from Tashkent -- a great resource if you
are looking for someone who used to live in Tashkent and then moved
abroad. It also contains a Message Board, Cookbook and other information.
The address of the page is:
http://iris.csuglab.cornell.edu/home/bbrukman/tashkent/
From root Thu Feb 13 18:13:00 1997
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Date: Wed, 12 Feb 1997 19:58:39 +1100
To: info-russ@smarty.ece.jhu.edu
From: Anna Doubrovskaya
Subject: INFO-RUSS: Looking for Dubrovskys from China
Status: OR
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Late last year, I was contacted by a Kazak resident looking for
lost relations. His aunt, Lydia Dubrovskaya (nee Fitinghoff), who was of
german extraction had left Russia in the 1920s for Harbin as a teenager and
all contact was lost during WWII. It just so happened that my grandmother,
Lydia Dubrovskaya (nee Konovalova), also with german blood left Russia
(Chernigov actually) for Manchuria with her brother Andrei in the 1920s as
a young woman. Because of this strange coincidence I've decided to help him
in his search.
What I would like to know is :-
1. Does anyone know of these women or their families as I would very
much like to communicate with them.
2. Does anyone know of any Associations or Organisations of Russians
from Manchuria, either in Russia or elsewhere.
3. Are there any records (such as births, deaths, and marriages) of
Russian exiles who lived in China and who was responsible for
their collection.
Thanks in advance
Anna Doubrovskaya
Email: adubrov@blackburn.med.su.oz.au
Department of Cancer Medicine
University of Sydney
NSW, 2006
AUSTRALIA
From root Mon Feb 17 12:23:54 1997
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Date: Sun, 16 Feb 1997 08:26:47 -0500 (EST)
From: DANUBE
To: Info-Russ
Subject: INFO-RUSS: Update on proposed surcharge -
Status: OR
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Friends,
Since I have sent out the original message about local phone
companies requesting permission from the FCC to collect surcharge
on internet usage, I feel it necessary to send you this update.
Some of you have asked me for more information about the issue,
but I didn't have any until now. I hope this will help.
First,some local telephone companies have indeed asked the FCC
to allow them to assess a per minute access charge on the tele-
phone lines used by Internet Service Providers. Local telephone
companies currently charge long-distance carriers (like AT&T and
MCI) an interstate access charge for the long-distance traffic
that travels over their local lines, and the local telephone com-
panies would like to see this charge extended to include the
high-speed lines that your local Internet Service Provider uses
to access the Internet.
In December, the FCC rejected the telephone companies' request
and tentatively concluded "that the existing pricing structure
for information services should remain in place." In other words,
the FCC has tentatively concluded that Internet service providers
should NOT be subject to the interstate access charges that local
telephone companies currently assess on long-distance carriers.
Most of this information can be found on the FCC's "ISP" home-
page at
http://www.fcc.gov/isp.html
The original message wasn't a hoax but somewhat misleading. It
failed to convey the fact that a decision has been already made.
Regards,
Amos J. Danube
From root Thu Feb 20 18:38:21 1997
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Date: Wed, 19 Feb 1997 14:40:53 -0500 (EST)
From: michael david adams
To: info-russ@smarty.ece.jhu.edu
Subject: INFO-RUSS: folk song
Status: OR
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Dear Friends:
As a graduate student in the Department of Slavic Languages and
Literatures, I have a strong interest in Russian culture. I am currently
writing a paper on the development and preservation of Russian oral folk
poetry. One of the examples I am using is the song which starts out:
"Oj, da ne vecher, da ne vecher, mne malym-malo spalos'."
If you happen to know of this song and could comment on it, I would be
extremely appreciative.
Thank you,
Michael D. Adams
Indiana University
From root Fri Feb 28 15:25:22 1997
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Date: Thu, 27 Feb 1997 10:23:21 +0200 (IST)
From: Victor Meerovich
To: info-russ@smarty.ece.jhu.edu
Subject: INFO-RUSS: travel
Status: OR
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Dear folks,
This April I am going to visit Hungary (Budapest
University). I want to combine my business visit with a trip to Austria.
I would very much appreciate receiving any advices and information on
cheap accomodation, rent a car, seesights, etc. I plan my visit to
Austria for a week, with my wife and my daughter 10 years old.
Thank you for advance,
Victor Meerovich, former Novosibirsker,at present Israeli citizen,
researcher at Ben-Gurion University.
victorm@bgumail.bgu.ac.il
From root Fri Feb 28 15:53:09 1997
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From: "Alexandr A. Sukhanov"
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 1997 21:47:56 +0300 (MSK)
Subject: INFO-RUSS: Pamjati Andreja Donatovicha Sinjavskogo
Status: OR
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Umer Andrej Sinjavskij, chelovek, vsegda shedshij tol'ko protiv techenija -
i sam, po slovu poeta, sozdavavshij "techenie vstrechnoe".
Pervyj chelovek, kotorogo poslestalinskaja sovetskaja vlast' sudila za
literaturu ("u menja s kommunistami stilisticheskie raznoglasija", - skazal
pozdnee A.D.). Chelovek, ch'e imja (vmeste s imenem Julija Danielja)
dolgoe vremja bylo sinonimom ponjatija "soprotivlenie kommunisticheskoj
diktature".
Chelovek, nastol'ko bystro i prochno oshel'movannyj antisovetskoj
emigraciej, chto emu prishlos' sozdat' v Parizhe sobstvennoe (sovmestnoe
s zhenoj Mariej Rozanovoj) izdatel'stvo. Opponenty (sredi kotoryx byl,
naprimer, Solzhenicyn) nazyvali ego "vragom naroda" (russkogo, a ne
sovetskogo - v etom ix otlichie ot chekistov i cekistov).
Ja pomnju uzhas i otchajanie oktjabrja 1993 goda, kogda kazalos',
Rossija i Moskva vdrug obezljudeli, tochnee, ljudi stali xuzhe
i svirepee zverej. I opjat' - golos Sinjavskogo, opjat' odinokij
golos cheloveka, govorjaschie prostye i neoproverzhimye veschi: chto
ubivat' nexorosho, chto chelovek, ubivshij ili prizyvavshij ubit'
drugogo (pust' radi spasenija svoej zhizni) utrachivaet pravo uchit'
drugix pravilam zhizni, chto ubivajuschij svoix politicheskix vragov
(kak by oni ni byli ploxi) ne mozhet nazyvat'sja demokratom...
Pisatel' chital politicheskij likbez politikam: "demokratij bez
parlamentov ne byvaet, bez prezidentov - ix skol'ko ugodno".
Svobodnaja Rossija otvetila emu slovami (obozrevatelja glavnoj togda
liberal'noj gazety) "Sinjavskij - byvshij pisatel'", slovami,
dostojnymi ust prokurora na processe Sinjavskogo i Danielja.
I eto uljuljukan'e uzhe soderzhalo v sebe prognoz blizhajshego
buduschego Rossii - kovrovyx bombardirovok gorodov, chernoj ospy
konclagerej, pogromov v stolicax, shpionomanii i klerikal'noj isterii.
A chto zhe "techenie vstrechnoe"? Sinjavskij vse zhe sozdal ego:
vsled za ego golosom, ottjanuvshim na sebja osnovnoj potok
prokljatij, razdalis' golosa drugix intellektualov, besspornyx
demokratov, liberalov i svobodomysljaschix, ne vsegda samyx
izvestnyx shirokoj publike, no zato s zasluzhennoj reputaciej
sredi kolleg-professionalov (zhanr objazyvaet menja upomjanut'
esche odnogo iz nix, tozhe uzhe pokojnogo Mixaila Geftera, istorika).
Ix obschimi usilijami slovo "demokrat" vse zhe ne stalo sinonimom
slov "lzhec" ili "negodjaj".
Zavtrashnij den' pokazhet, naskol'ko velik byl vklad Andreja
Donatovicha v russkuju literaturu. No odin ego vklad v russkuju
kul'turu i istoriju jasen: on vsegda byl na storone istiny i svobody.
[Jan.]
[Feb.]
[Apr.]
[May]
[Jun.]
[Summer]
[File end]
Back to INFO-RUSS home page
Back to A. E. Kaplan's home page
From root Thu Mar 6 23:41:32 1997
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Date: Fri, 28 Feb 1997 17:38:03 -0800
From: Julia Sigalovsky
Organization: GeoTek Engineering, Inc.
To: info-russ@smarty.ece.jhu.edu
Subject: INFO-RUSS: Position available
Status: OR
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Attentoin those in the Greater Boston area!
We are looking for a field technician to work on construction sites in
Boston. The responsibilities include:
1. Operation, calibration, maintenance and troubleshooting of portable
programmable devices.
2. Programming and downloading of those devices using PC's
3. Report writing
4. Communication skills are a must.
5. Car and good driving skills are required.
Work is mostly outdoors. Position will start in April as a part time, but
is most likely to grow into a full-time.
Reply directly to me
(508)443-4140
or sigalov@ix.netcom.com
Julia Sigalovsky
From root Fri Mar 7 19:34:25 1997
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From: "Olga Epelboim"
Date: Thu, 06 Mar 1997 14:31:29 EST
Subject: INFO-RUSS: ADVICE IS NEEDED
Status: OR
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Dear Netters,
can anybody give an advice, how to become an optometrist
in the USA? The guy used to be an ophtalmologist back in Russia.
Any advice will be appreciated.